Japanese writing

Katakana chart with stroke order and audio

Katakana is the second Japanese syllabary. It has the same sounds as hiragana, written with straighter, more angular strokes, and it is used mainly for words borrowed from other languages, such as コーヒー (coffee), and for foreign names. Many katakana are close cousins of a hiragana with the same sound. In katakana a long vowel is usually written with a dash, ー, rather than an extra vowel.

Japanese uses two kana scripts. See also the hiragana chart.

The 46 basic katakana

Read across for the vowel and down for the consonant, in dictionary order: a, ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya, ra, wa, and finally n.

Basic Katakana chart
aiueo
アaイiウuエeオo
カkaキkiクkuケkeコko
サsaシshiスsuセseソso
タtaチchiツtsuテteトto
ナnaニniヌnuネneノno
ハhaヒhiフfuヘheホho
マmaミmiムmuメmeモmo
ヤyaユyuヨyo
ラraリriルruレreロro
ワwaヲwo
ンn

Dakuten and handakuten

Two small marks voice a sound: the two strokes (dakuten) turn k into g, s into z, t into d and h into b, and the small circle (handakuten) turns h into p.

Katakana with dakuten and handakuten
aiueo
ガgaギgiグguゲgeゴgo
ザzaジjiズzuゼzeゾzo
ダdaヂjiヅzuデdeドdo
バbaビbiブbuベbeボbo
パpaピpiプpuペpeポpo

Combinations (yōon)

An i-column character plus a small ya, yu or yo makes one blended sound.

Katakana combinations
yayuyo
キャkyaキュkyuキョkyo
シャshaシュshuショsho
チャchaチュchuチョcho
ニャnyaニュnyuニョnyo
ヒャhyaヒュhyuヒョhyo
ミャmyaミュmyuミョmyo
リャryaリュryuリョryo
ギャgyaギュgyuギョgyo
ジャjaジュjuジョjo
ビャbyaビュbyuビョbyo
ピャpyaピュpyuピョpyo

Where you will see katakana

  • Loanwords: コーヒー (coffee), ケーキ (cake), テレビ (television).
  • Foreign names and place names: アメリカ (America).
  • Emphasis, sound effects and brand names, the way English uses italics or capitals.

Stroke order and tips for every character

Numbers mark where each stroke starts, in the order you write them. The tips and example words are the ones the course uses when it introduces each character.

  • 12

    アa2 strokes

    Tip: like 'a' in 'father'

  • 12

    イi2 strokes

    Tip: like 'ee' in 'see'

  • 123

    ウu3 strokes

    Tip: like 'oo' in 'food'

  • 123

    エe3 strokes

    Tip: like 'e' in 'egg'

  • 123

    オo3 strokes

    Tip: like 'o' in 'more'

  • 12

    カka2 strokes

    Tip: like 'ka' in 'car'

    Example: カメラ (camera)

    It's か without the little tick — hiragana and katakana twins.

  • 123

    キki3 strokes

    Tip: like 'kee' in 'key'

    Example: ケーキ (cake)

    き minus the bottom curve. Same sound, sharper suit.

  • 12

    クku2 strokes

    Tip: like 'koo' in 'cuckoo'

    Example: タクシー (taxi)

    A bird's beak pointing left.

  • 123

    ケke3 strokes

    Tip: like 'ke' in 'kept'

    Example: ケーキ (cake)

    A lopsided K, conveniently for 'ke'.

  • 12

    コko2 strokes

    Tip: like 'ko' in 'koala'

    Example: コーヒー (coffee)

    Two corners of a box — you've been reading it in コーヒー since Module 3.

  • 123

    サsa3 strokes

    Tip: like 'sa' in 'saw'

    Example: サッカー (soccer)

    さ squared off — one extra stroke.

  • 123

    シshi3 strokes

    Tip: like 'she'

    Example: ジュース (juice)

    Three strokes, and the long one sweeps UP from the bottom-left. Remember that — its twin ツ does the opposite.

  • 12

    スsu2 strokes

    Tip: like 'su' in 'super'

    Example: ジュース (juice)

    A slide seen from the side — 'suuu' down you go.

  • 12

    セse2 strokes

    Tip: like 'se' in 'set'

    Example: セーター (sweater)

    Nearly identical to hiragana せ.

  • 12

    ソso2 strokes

    Tip: like 'so' in 'sort'

    Example: ソース (sauce)

    One drop, one downward sweep. Its own twin (ン) arrives with the last row.

  • 123

    タta3 strokes

    Tip: like 'ta' in 'tan'

    Example: タクシー (taxi)

    ク with one extra stroke tucked inside.

  • 123

    チchi3 strokes

    Tip: like 'chee' in 'cheese'

    Example: チーズ (cheese)

    Like a 7 with a crossbar — or 千, the kanji for thousand.

  • 123

    ツtsu3 strokes

    Tip: like 'ts' in 'cats' + u

    Example: シャツ (shirt)

    シ's twin, at last. シ's strokes lie DOWN and flick up; ツ's hang from the TOP and sweep down. Shi smiles sideways, tsu frowns from above.

  • 123

    テte3 strokes

    Tip: like 'te' in 'ten'

    Example: テスト (test)

    て straightened out — same skeleton, same sound.

  • 12

    トto2 strokes

    Tip: like 'to' in 'tote'

    Example: コート (coat)

    A trunk with one branch. Two strokes, done.

  • 12

    ナna2 strokes

    Tip: like 'na' in 'nap'

    Example: ナイフ (knife)

    A plus sign with a long tail.

  • 12

    ニni2 strokes

    Tip: like 'nee' in 'knee'

    Example: ニュース (news)

    Literally the kanji 二 — two strokes, and 'ni' means two.

  • 12

    ヌnu2 strokes

    Tip: like 'noo' in 'noodle'

    Example: ヌードル (noodle)

    ス with a cross-stroke through the leg.

  • 1234

    ネne4 strokes

    Tip: like 'ne' in 'net'

    Example: ネクタイ (necktie)

    A cross with a ribbon flowing off it.

  • 1

    ノno1 strokes

    Tip: like 'no' in 'note'

    Example: ノート (notebook)

    One stroke. That's it. 'No' — the easiest kana you'll ever learn.

  • 12

    ハha2 strokes

    Tip: like 'ha' in 'haha'

    Example: バス (bus)

    Two strokes leaning apart — like the kanji 八 (eight).

  • 12

    ヒhi2 strokes

    Tip: like 'hee' in 'heel'

    Example: コーヒー (coffee)

    Two strokes, one propping the other up.

  • 1

    フfu1 strokes

    Tip: soft 'f'/'h' — blow gently

    Example: ナイフ (knife)

    The top-left corner of a box.

  • 1

    ヘhe1 strokes

    Tip: like 'he' in 'hem'

    Example: ヘリコプター (helicopter)

    Identical to hiragana へ. One kana, two scripts, zero extra work.

  • 1234

    ホho4 strokes

    Tip: like 'ho' in 'hope'

    Example: ホテル (hotel)

    A tree with a spark off each side.

  • 12

    マma2 strokes

    Tip: like 'ma' in 'mama'

    Example: マッチ (match)

    A flag folded sharply down.

  • 123

    ミmi3 strokes

    Tip: like 'mee' in 'meet'

    Example: ミルク (milk)

    Three short strokes — 'mi', think three.

  • 12

    ムmu2 strokes

    Tip: like 'moo' in 'moon'

    Example: ゲーム (game)

    A closed tent flap — mouth shut, 'mmm'.

  • 12

    メme2 strokes

    Tip: like 'me' in 'met'

    Example: メニュー (menu)

    An X with one leg stretched long. ナ minus nothing — careful, they rhyme visually.

  • 123

    モmo3 strokes

    Tip: like 'mo' in 'more'

    Example: メモ (memo)

    も without the hook — twins again.

  • 12

    ヤya2 strokes

    Tip: like 'ya' in 'yard'

    Example: タイヤ (tire)

    や minus one stroke — twins.

  • 12

    ユyu2 strokes

    Tip: like 'you'

    Example: ユーモア (humor)

    A boxy U tipped on its side.

  • 123

    ヨyo3 strokes

    Tip: like 'yo' in 'yogurt'

    Example: ヨーグルト (yogurt)

    A backwards E — three prongs for 'yo'.

  • 12

    ラra2 strokes

    Tip: tap the roof of your mouth — between 'r' and 'l'

    Example: カメラ (camera)

    フ with a hat on.

  • 12

    リri2 strokes

    Tip: tapped 'r' + ee

    Example: リットル (liter)

    Nearly identical to hiragana り — two vertical strokes.

  • 12

    ルru2 strokes

    Tip: tapped 'r' + oo

    Example: ホテル (hotel)

    A river forking at the bottom.

  • 1

    レre1 strokes

    Tip: tapped 'r' + e

    Example: トイレ (toilet)

    A single check-mark stroke.

  • 123

    ロro3 strokes

    Tip: tapped 'r' + o

    Example: ロビー (lobby)

    A plain box — 'ro'. (コ is an OPEN box — watch the left edge.)

  • 12

    ワwa2 strokes

    Tip: like 'wa' in 'water'

    Example: ワイン (wine)

    ウ without its top stroke — mind the twins: ワ is wider.

  • 123

    ヲwo3 strokes

    Tip: sounds just like お — particle-only

    Example: ヲ (particle only)

    You will almost never see this one — loanwords don't use it, and the particle stays hiragana を. Recognize it, tip your hat, move on.

  • 12

    ンn2 strokes

    Tip: hum through your nose

    Example: ラーメン (ramen)

    ソ's twin, mirrored: ソ's flick sweeps DOWN from the top; ン's sweeps UP from the bottom. Last twin pair — you've beaten them all.

  • 1234

    ガga4 strokes

  • 12345

    ギgi5 strokes

  • 1234

    グgu4 strokes

  • 12345

    ゲge5 strokes

  • 1234

    ゴgo4 strokes

  • 12345

    ザza5 strokes

  • 12345

    ジji5 strokes

  • 1234

    ズzu4 strokes

  • 1234

    ゼze4 strokes

  • 1234

    ゾzo4 strokes

  • 12345

    ダda5 strokes

  • 12345

    ヂji5 strokes

  • 12345

    ヅzu5 strokes

  • 12345

    デde5 strokes

  • 1234

    ドdo4 strokes

  • 1234

    バba4 strokes

  • 1234

    ビbi4 strokes

  • 123

    ブbu3 strokes

  • 123

    ベbe3 strokes

  • 123456

    ボbo6 strokes

  • 123

    パpa3 strokes

  • 123

    ピpi3 strokes

  • 12

    プpu2 strokes

  • 12

    ペpe2 strokes

  • 12345

    ポpo5 strokes

How the course explains it

The other alphabet — katakana

Hiragana is now complete, and Japanese has a second alphabet that writes the same sounds: KATAKANA. It is used for foreign names and borrowed words, so ミカ, トム and ケン are names written in it, and コート (coat) is a borrowed word. You will learn to read katakana row by row from module 7. Until then, treat these shapes as labels you recognise rather than letters you can sound out — they are not hiragana you have forgotten.

  • ミカ

    a name (katakana, not hiragana)

  • みか → ミカ

    same sounds, other alphabet

Stroke-order data from KanjiVG by Ulrich Apel, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0.

Practice this in Open Lingo

The Open Lingo Japanese course teaches every one of these characters with tracing practice, listening drills and spaced review, before moving on to real sentences.

Practice this in Open Lingo

Keep going