Japanese writing
Katakana chart with stroke order and audio
Katakana is the second Japanese syllabary. It has the same sounds as hiragana, written with straighter, more angular strokes, and it is used mainly for words borrowed from other languages, such as コーヒー (coffee), and for foreign names. Many katakana are close cousins of a hiragana with the same sound. In katakana a long vowel is usually written with a dash, ー, rather than an extra vowel.
Japanese uses two kana scripts. See also the hiragana chart.
The 46 basic katakana
Read across for the vowel and down for the consonant, in dictionary order: a, ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya, ra, wa, and finally n.
| a | i | u | e | o |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| アa | イi | ウu | エe | オo |
| カka | キki | クku | ケke | コko |
| サsa | シshi | スsu | セse | ソso |
| タta | チchi | ツtsu | テte | トto |
| ナna | ニni | ヌnu | ネne | ノno |
| ハha | ヒhi | フfu | ヘhe | ホho |
| マma | ミmi | ムmu | メme | モmo |
| ヤya | ユyu | ヨyo | ||
| ラra | リri | ルru | レre | ロro |
| ワwa | ヲwo | |||
| ンn |
Dakuten and handakuten
Two small marks voice a sound: the two strokes (dakuten) turn k into g, s into z, t into d and h into b, and the small circle (handakuten) turns h into p.
| a | i | u | e | o |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ガga | ギgi | グgu | ゲge | ゴgo |
| ザza | ジji | ズzu | ゼze | ゾzo |
| ダda | ヂji | ヅzu | デde | ドdo |
| バba | ビbi | ブbu | ベbe | ボbo |
| パpa | ピpi | プpu | ペpe | ポpo |
Combinations (yōon)
An i-column character plus a small ya, yu or yo makes one blended sound.
| ya | yu | yo |
|---|---|---|
| キャkya | キュkyu | キョkyo |
| シャsha | シュshu | ショsho |
| チャcha | チュchu | チョcho |
| ニャnya | ニュnyu | ニョnyo |
| ヒャhya | ヒュhyu | ヒョhyo |
| ミャmya | ミュmyu | ミョmyo |
| リャrya | リュryu | リョryo |
| ギャgya | ギュgyu | ギョgyo |
| ジャja | ジュju | ジョjo |
| ビャbya | ビュbyu | ビョbyo |
| ピャpya | ピュpyu | ピョpyo |
Where you will see katakana
- Loanwords: コーヒー (coffee), ケーキ (cake), テレビ (television).
- Foreign names and place names: アメリカ (America).
- Emphasis, sound effects and brand names, the way English uses italics or capitals.
Stroke order and tips for every character
Numbers mark where each stroke starts, in the order you write them. The tips and example words are the ones the course uses when it introduces each character.
アa2 strokes
Tip: like 'a' in 'father'
イi2 strokes
Tip: like 'ee' in 'see'
ウu3 strokes
Tip: like 'oo' in 'food'
エe3 strokes
Tip: like 'e' in 'egg'
オo3 strokes
Tip: like 'o' in 'more'
カka2 strokes
Tip: like 'ka' in 'car'
Example: カメラ (camera)
It's か without the little tick — hiragana and katakana twins.
キki3 strokes
Tip: like 'kee' in 'key'
Example: ケーキ (cake)
き minus the bottom curve. Same sound, sharper suit.
クku2 strokes
Tip: like 'koo' in 'cuckoo'
Example: タクシー (taxi)
A bird's beak pointing left.
ケke3 strokes
Tip: like 'ke' in 'kept'
Example: ケーキ (cake)
A lopsided K, conveniently for 'ke'.
コko2 strokes
Tip: like 'ko' in 'koala'
Example: コーヒー (coffee)
Two corners of a box — you've been reading it in コーヒー since Module 3.
サsa3 strokes
Tip: like 'sa' in 'saw'
Example: サッカー (soccer)
さ squared off — one extra stroke.
シshi3 strokes
Tip: like 'she'
Example: ジュース (juice)
Three strokes, and the long one sweeps UP from the bottom-left. Remember that — its twin ツ does the opposite.
スsu2 strokes
Tip: like 'su' in 'super'
Example: ジュース (juice)
A slide seen from the side — 'suuu' down you go.
セse2 strokes
Tip: like 'se' in 'set'
Example: セーター (sweater)
Nearly identical to hiragana せ.
ソso2 strokes
Tip: like 'so' in 'sort'
Example: ソース (sauce)
One drop, one downward sweep. Its own twin (ン) arrives with the last row.
タta3 strokes
Tip: like 'ta' in 'tan'
Example: タクシー (taxi)
ク with one extra stroke tucked inside.
チchi3 strokes
Tip: like 'chee' in 'cheese'
Example: チーズ (cheese)
Like a 7 with a crossbar — or 千, the kanji for thousand.
ツtsu3 strokes
Tip: like 'ts' in 'cats' + u
Example: シャツ (shirt)
シ's twin, at last. シ's strokes lie DOWN and flick up; ツ's hang from the TOP and sweep down. Shi smiles sideways, tsu frowns from above.
テte3 strokes
Tip: like 'te' in 'ten'
Example: テスト (test)
て straightened out — same skeleton, same sound.
トto2 strokes
Tip: like 'to' in 'tote'
Example: コート (coat)
A trunk with one branch. Two strokes, done.
ナna2 strokes
Tip: like 'na' in 'nap'
Example: ナイフ (knife)
A plus sign with a long tail.
ニni2 strokes
Tip: like 'nee' in 'knee'
Example: ニュース (news)
Literally the kanji 二 — two strokes, and 'ni' means two.
ヌnu2 strokes
Tip: like 'noo' in 'noodle'
Example: ヌードル (noodle)
ス with a cross-stroke through the leg.
ネne4 strokes
Tip: like 'ne' in 'net'
Example: ネクタイ (necktie)
A cross with a ribbon flowing off it.
ノno1 strokes
Tip: like 'no' in 'note'
Example: ノート (notebook)
One stroke. That's it. 'No' — the easiest kana you'll ever learn.
ハha2 strokes
Tip: like 'ha' in 'haha'
Example: バス (bus)
Two strokes leaning apart — like the kanji 八 (eight).
ヒhi2 strokes
Tip: like 'hee' in 'heel'
Example: コーヒー (coffee)
Two strokes, one propping the other up.
フfu1 strokes
Tip: soft 'f'/'h' — blow gently
Example: ナイフ (knife)
The top-left corner of a box.
ヘhe1 strokes
Tip: like 'he' in 'hem'
Example: ヘリコプター (helicopter)
Identical to hiragana へ. One kana, two scripts, zero extra work.
ホho4 strokes
Tip: like 'ho' in 'hope'
Example: ホテル (hotel)
A tree with a spark off each side.
マma2 strokes
Tip: like 'ma' in 'mama'
Example: マッチ (match)
A flag folded sharply down.
ミmi3 strokes
Tip: like 'mee' in 'meet'
Example: ミルク (milk)
Three short strokes — 'mi', think three.
ムmu2 strokes
Tip: like 'moo' in 'moon'
Example: ゲーム (game)
A closed tent flap — mouth shut, 'mmm'.
メme2 strokes
Tip: like 'me' in 'met'
Example: メニュー (menu)
An X with one leg stretched long. ナ minus nothing — careful, they rhyme visually.
モmo3 strokes
Tip: like 'mo' in 'more'
Example: メモ (memo)
も without the hook — twins again.
ヤya2 strokes
Tip: like 'ya' in 'yard'
Example: タイヤ (tire)
や minus one stroke — twins.
ユyu2 strokes
Tip: like 'you'
Example: ユーモア (humor)
A boxy U tipped on its side.
ヨyo3 strokes
Tip: like 'yo' in 'yogurt'
Example: ヨーグルト (yogurt)
A backwards E — three prongs for 'yo'.
ラra2 strokes
Tip: tap the roof of your mouth — between 'r' and 'l'
Example: カメラ (camera)
フ with a hat on.
リri2 strokes
Tip: tapped 'r' + ee
Example: リットル (liter)
Nearly identical to hiragana り — two vertical strokes.
ルru2 strokes
Tip: tapped 'r' + oo
Example: ホテル (hotel)
A river forking at the bottom.
レre1 strokes
Tip: tapped 'r' + e
Example: トイレ (toilet)
A single check-mark stroke.
ロro3 strokes
Tip: tapped 'r' + o
Example: ロビー (lobby)
A plain box — 'ro'. (コ is an OPEN box — watch the left edge.)
ワwa2 strokes
Tip: like 'wa' in 'water'
Example: ワイン (wine)
ウ without its top stroke — mind the twins: ワ is wider.
ヲwo3 strokes
Tip: sounds just like お — particle-only
Example: ヲ (particle only)
You will almost never see this one — loanwords don't use it, and the particle stays hiragana を. Recognize it, tip your hat, move on.
ンn2 strokes
Tip: hum through your nose
Example: ラーメン (ramen)
ソ's twin, mirrored: ソ's flick sweeps DOWN from the top; ン's sweeps UP from the bottom. Last twin pair — you've beaten them all.
ガga4 strokes
ギgi5 strokes
グgu4 strokes
ゲge5 strokes
ゴgo4 strokes
ザza5 strokes
ジji5 strokes
ズzu4 strokes
ゼze4 strokes
ゾzo4 strokes
ダda5 strokes
ヂji5 strokes
ヅzu5 strokes
デde5 strokes
ドdo4 strokes
バba4 strokes
ビbi4 strokes
ブbu3 strokes
ベbe3 strokes
ボbo6 strokes
パpa3 strokes
ピpi3 strokes
プpu2 strokes
ペpe2 strokes
ポpo5 strokes
How the course explains it
The other alphabet — katakana
Hiragana is now complete, and Japanese has a second alphabet that writes the same sounds: KATAKANA. It is used for foreign names and borrowed words, so ミカ, トム and ケン are names written in it, and コート (coat) is a borrowed word. You will learn to read katakana row by row from module 7. Until then, treat these shapes as labels you recognise rather than letters you can sound out — they are not hiragana you have forgotten.
ミカ
a name (katakana, not hiragana)
みか → ミカ
same sounds, other alphabet
Stroke-order data from KanjiVG by Ulrich Apel, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0.
Practice this in Open Lingo
The Open Lingo Japanese course teaches every one of these characters with tracing practice, listening drills and spaced review, before moving on to real sentences.
Keep going
- Hiragana chartAll 46 basic hiragana plus dakuten and yōon combinations, each with romaji, stroke-order diagram, a pronunciation tip and audio.
- Food and drink vocabularyBeginner Japanese words for food, drinks and meals, from ごはん and すし to のむ and おいしい, with kanji, romaji and audio.
- Polite vs plain JapaneseWhen to speak polite Japanese (ます, です) and when to use the plain form, how each is built, and why the quoted clause always stays plain.