Korean grammar
Korean comparatives and superlatives: 보다, 더 and 제일
Korean compares with the particle 보다 attached to the standard, the thing you measure against, so the order looks flipped to English eyes: 커피가 차보다 비싸요 is coffee, than tea, is expensive. 더 (more) and 덜 (less) go right before the adjective, and 제일 or 가장 in the same spot makes the superlative. 중에서 names the group you are choosing from.
Examples are written in Hangul. New to it? Start with the hangul chart.
In short
- 보다 attaches to the thing you compare against: 커피가 차보다 비싸요 (coffee is more expensive than tea).
- 더 (more) and 덜 (less) go right before the adjective: 커피가 차보다 더 비싸요, 차가 커피보다 덜 비싸요.
- 제일 or 가장 before the adjective makes the superlative: 이게 제일 비싸요 (this is the most expensive). 제일 is everyday, 가장 a little more formal.
- 중에서 names the group: 과일 중에서 사과가 제일 좋아요 (of the fruits, I like apples best).
- Ask with 어느 게 더 …? or 뭐가 더 …?: 어느 게 더 비싸요? (which is more expensive?)
보다 marks the thing you compare against
보다 = 'than'. It attaches (no space) to the STANDARD — the thing being compared against — so the order looks flipped to English eyes: 커피가 차보다 비싸요 = 'Coffee is more expensive than tea' (literally 'coffee, than tea, is-expensive'). Pattern: [A]가/이 [B]보다 [adjective].
집이 학교보다 커요
The house is bigger than the school.
커피가 차보다 비싸요
Coffee is more expensive than tea
더 ('more') and 덜 ('less')
더 = 'more', placed right before the adjective to reinforce 보다: 커피가 차보다 더 비싸요 = 'Coffee is more expensive than tea.' (For 'much / even more', add 훨씬: 훨씬 더 비싸요.) 덜 = 'less': 차가 커피보다 덜 비싸요 = 'Tea is less expensive than coffee.' 더 can also stand alone: 더 주세요 = 'more, please.'
차가 커피보다 덜 비싸요
Tea is less expensive than coffee.
커피가 차보다 더 비싸요
Coffee is more expensive than tea
제일 / 가장 ('most')
For the superlative ('the -est / the most'), put 제일 or 가장 ('most') before the adjective: 이게 제일 비싸요 = 'This is the most expensive.' 라면이 제일 맛있어요 = 'Ramyeon is the tastiest.' 제일 is the everyday word; 가장 is slightly more formal — both are correct.
라면이 제일 맛있어요
Ramyeon is the tastiest.
중에서 … 제일 (among …, the most)
중에서 = 'among / out of (a group)'. Pair it with 제일 for 'the most among': 셋 중에서 라면이 제일 맛있어요 = 'Among the three, ramyeon is the tastiest.' 과일 중에서 사과가 제일 좋아요 = 'Of the fruits, apples are the best.' Pattern: [group] 중에서 [item]이/가 제일 [adjective].
과일 중에서 사과가 제일 좋아요
Of the fruits, apples are the best.
셋 중에서 라면이 제일 맛있어요
Among the three, ramyeon is the tastiest
어느 게 더 …? / 뭐가 더 …?
To ask 'which is more …?', use 어느 게 ('which one') or 뭐가 ('what') + 더 + adjective: 어느 게 더 비싸요? = 'Which is more expensive?' 커피하고 차 중에서 뭐가 더 좋아요? = 'Between coffee and tea, which do you like more?' Answer with 보다 or 제일.
어느 게
eoneu ge
which one
커피하고 차 중에서 뭐가 더 좋아요?
Between coffee and tea, which do you like more?
어느 게 더 비싸요?
Which is more expensive?
Check yourself
Questions from the course. Pick an answer to check it; nothing is saved.
1.'Coffee is more expensive than tea.' Pick the Korean.
2.'Tea is cheaper than coffee.' Pick the Korean.
3.'Coffee is more expensive than tea.' Pick the Korean.
4.'More, please.' Pick the Korean.
5.'This is the most expensive.' Pick the Korean.
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