Korean grammar
에 vs 에서: Korean location and time particles
Korean has two particles where English says at. 에 marks where something is, and 에서 marks where something happens. 에 also marks a point in time. The test is simple: being there or doing something there?
Examples are written in Hangul. New to it? Start with the hangul chart.
In short
- Place + 에 + 있어요/없어요: where something is.
- Place + 에서 + action verb: where it happens.
- Time + 에: 세 시에, 월요일에.
에 marks the location of existence
To say WHERE something is, mark the place with 에, then use 있어요/없어요. 집에 있어요 = 'I'm at home'. 학교에 있어요 = '(it/I) is at school'. Pattern: PLACE + 에 + 있어요.
집에 있어요
jibe isseoyo
I'm at home.
학교에 있어요
(I) am at school.
역에 있어요
(I) am at the station
에 = where you ARE, 에서 = where you DO
Use 에 for static location (existence, with 있어요): 집에 있어요 = 'I'm at home'. Use 에서 for the place an ACTION happens: 식당에서 먹어요 = 'I eat at a restaurant'. Same English 'at' — Korean splits by being vs doing.
먹어요
meogeoyo
(I) eat / am eating
가게에 있어요
(I) am at the store.
식당에서 먹어요
I eat at a restaurant
에 marks a point in time
The same 에 you used for location (M6) also marks TIME: 세 시에 = 'at 3:00', 월요일에 = 'on Monday'. 세 시에 가요 = 'I go at 3:00'. (Note: 지금/오늘/어제 do NOT take 에 — they're already time-words.)
세 시에 가요
I go at 3:00.
월요일에 공부해요
I study on Monday.
Check yourself
Questions from the course. Open each one to see the answer.
1. How do you say 'I'm at home'?
- 집에서 있어요
- 집이 있어요
- 집에 있어요
- 집 있어요
Show answer
집에 있어요
Location of existence → 에. 집에 있어요.
2. 'I eat at a restaurant.' Which particle marks the place of the action?
- 식당에 먹어요
- 식당이 먹어요
- 식당에서 먹어요
- 식당을 먹어요
Show answer
식당에서 먹어요
An action (eating) happens there → 에서. (에 would be for just BEING there.)
3. 'I'm at school.' (just being there): pick the Korean.
- 학교에서 있어요
- 학교에 있어요
- 학교에서 먹어요
- 학교가 있어요
Show answer
학교에 있어요
Existence (있어요) → 에, never 에서.
4. 'I eat at 1 o'clock.' Pick the Korean.
- 한 시에 밥을 먹어요
- 한 시 밥을 먹어요
- 한 시에서 밥을 먹어요
- 한 시를 밥을 먹어요
Show answer
한 시에 밥을 먹어요
Time of action → 에. 한 시에 먹어요.
Practice this in Open Lingo
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Keep going
- 은/는 vs 이/가When to use 은/는 and when to use 이/가 in Korean, how to pick the right form after a consonant or vowel, with course examples and practice questions.
- The object particle 을/를 and Korean word orderHow the Korean object particle 을/를 works, how Korean word order puts the verb last, and why 좋아하다 takes 을/를.