Korean grammar

에 vs 에서: Korean location and time particles

Korean has two particles where English says at. 에 marks where something is, and 에서 marks where something happens. 에 also marks a point in time. The test is simple: being there or doing something there?

Examples are written in Hangul. New to it? Start with the hangul chart.

In short

  • Place + 에 + 있어요/없어요: where something is.
  • Place + 에서 + action verb: where it happens.
  • Time + 에: 세 시에, 월요일에.

에 marks the location of existence

To say WHERE something is, mark the place with 에, then use 있어요/없어요. 집에 있어요 = 'I'm at home'. 학교에 있어요 = '(it/I) is at school'. Pattern: PLACE + 에 + 있어요.

  • 집에 있어요

    jibe isseoyo

    I'm at home.

  • 학교에 있어요

    (I) am at school.

  • 역에 있어요

    (I) am at the station

에 = where you ARE, 에서 = where you DO

Use 에 for static location (existence, with 있어요): 집에 있어요 = 'I'm at home'. Use 에서 for the place an ACTION happens: 식당에서 먹어요 = 'I eat at a restaurant'. Same English 'at' — Korean splits by being vs doing.

  • 먹어요

    meogeoyo

    (I) eat / am eating

  • 가게에 있어요

    (I) am at the store.

  • 식당에서 먹어요

    I eat at a restaurant

에 marks a point in time

The same 에 you used for location (M6) also marks TIME: 세 시에 = 'at 3:00', 월요일에 = 'on Monday'. 세 시에 가요 = 'I go at 3:00'. (Note: 지금/오늘/어제 do NOT take 에 — they're already time-words.)

  • 세 시에 가요

    I go at 3:00.

  • 월요일에 공부해요

    I study on Monday.

Check yourself

Questions from the course. Open each one to see the answer.

  1. 1. How do you say 'I'm at home'?

    • 집에서 있어요
    • 집이 있어요
    • 집에 있어요
    • 집 있어요
    Show answer

    집에 있어요

    Location of existence → 에. 집에 있어요.

  2. 2. 'I eat at a restaurant.' Which particle marks the place of the action?

    • 식당에 먹어요
    • 식당이 먹어요
    • 식당에서 먹어요
    • 식당을 먹어요
    Show answer

    식당에서 먹어요

    An action (eating) happens there → 에서. (에 would be for just BEING there.)

  3. 3. 'I'm at school.' (just being there): pick the Korean.

    • 학교에서 있어요
    • 학교에 있어요
    • 학교에서 먹어요
    • 학교가 있어요
    Show answer

    학교에 있어요

    Existence (있어요) → 에, never 에서.

  4. 4. 'I eat at 1 o'clock.' Pick the Korean.

    • 한 시에 밥을 먹어요
    • 한 시 밥을 먹어요
    • 한 시에서 밥을 먹어요
    • 한 시를 밥을 먹어요
    Show answer

    한 시에 밥을 먹어요

    Time of action → 에. 한 시에 먹어요.

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